Can the Public Attend Employment Tribunal Hearings?

Understanding public access helps you feel more at ease and ensures you know what to expect.

The Principle of Open Justice

Most tribunal hearings are public Employment tribunals are generally open to the public, reflecting the principle of open justice. Anyone can observe from the public area—without permission—unless the judge decides otherwise. This transparency builds trust in the process.

Case management hearings are, however, conducted in private.

Privacy exceptions In cases involving sensitive issues—such as national security, vulnerable witnesses—judges may order parts or entire hearings in private, limiting observer access.

Judgments are public documents Any judgment written by the tribunal is a public document and will be published online at the government's website.

How to Attend in Person

Finding and attending a public hearing You can check upcoming tribunal hearings via public listings. On the day, arrive early—at least 30 minutes before the scheduled time—to clear security and find your waiting area.

Conduct in the hearing If seated in the public area, stay quiet and do not interrupt proceedings. You can come and go during public sections unless the judge restricts movement. Recording or photographing is strictly prohibited.

Remote Hearings

Observing by video or audio Many tribunals now allow members of the public to observe hearings remotely via video or telephone.

Remote hearing etiquette Once admitted, you'll join as a quiet observer—typically with muted audio and no ability to speak. You cannot record proceedings. Be ready to follow the link at the allotted time and maintain a distraction-free environment.

Why Public Attendance Matters

Transparency and confidence Open hearings reassure participants that decisions are made fairly and based on evidence presented in public. Observing others' cases can help you understand procedure and expectations.

What You Should Do as a Litigant in Person

Plan for observers If you're comfortable, invite someone to observe. Alert the tribunal in advance if you expect more than a few people—especially in smaller rooms—to ensure seating is available.

Respect privacy orders Be aware the judge can limit public attendance at any time. If you suspect your case may involve sensitive information, discuss public vs private hearing options during a case management hearing.