What's the difference between the ET1 and the particulars of claim?

If you're wondering what's the difference between the ET1 vs particulars of claim, here's a clear, step-by-step explanation.

The ET1 – your formal claim form

The ET1 form is the official claim document you submit to start your tribunal case. It captures:

• Basic details: name, address, who the employer is;
• Type of claim: unfair dismissal, discrimination, whistleblowing;
• A brief version of your case under section 8.

In section 8.1 you choose your legal claims, and in section 8.2 you provide a summary. But space is tight—most litigants in person attach fuller details in a separate particulars of claim employment tribunal (called a "Paper Apart" in Scotland).

The particulars of claim – your full case story

A particulars of claim is a detailed document attached to your ET1. Think of it as your complete narrative:

1. Clear "Summary of Claim"
2. Chronological, numbered facts
3. Legal reasons why your case is valid (e.g. "unfair dismissal", "discrimination")
4. Remedy sought

Tribunals and respondents rely on this document to understand your complaints. A clearly structured particulars often includes headings, numbered paragraphs.

Why you need both documents

1. Legal requirement and focus. The ET1 introduces the claim in the system. The particulars give context and help the tribunal focus on the material facts.
2. Clarity and completeness. Tribunals need to know precisely what you're saying. The ET1 is a brief overview; the particulars of claim add necessary detail. Respondents often base their ET3 defence on your particulars.
3. Avoiding procedural issues. Incomplete pleadings risk strike-out. Tribunals expect litigants in person to follow procedural rules, even if they aren't lawyers.

Tips for drafting both documents

• Attach particulars as a separate "Paper Apart".
• Match content – facts in ET1 and particulars must align.
• Label clearly – use headings like Summary, Facts, Legal Ground, Remedy.
• Number paragraphs – makes discussion at hearings and during exchanges easier.
• Be factual, concise, and relevant – avoid opinions and speculation.

What happens next

Once your ET1 and particulars are submitted:

1. Tribunal sends copies to respondent, who has 28 days to respond.
2. A case management hearing may follow. You and the respondent can request clarification of pleadings, timetables will be arranged for exchange documents, and organise deadlines. Click here for my resource on Case Management.
3. If your ET1 or particulars are unclear, the Tribunal may request "further and better particulars" to clarify your complaints.

Summary

• ET1 = claim form with summary of your case
• Particulars of claim = detailed version with facts, legal basis, and remedy

Both are essential: the ET1 starts your claim; the particulars tell your story clearly and fully.