Here’s a clear overview of who you’ll meet in public hearings.

Case Management Hearings are held in private, so the public and press are not permitted, there will be no witnesses, and the only people present will be the Judge, you and your representative/friend, the Respondent and their representative.

Employment Judge: The person leading the tribunal
The Employment Judge is legally qualified and runs the hearing. They ensure things stay fair, decide what evidence is relevant, and ultimately make the final decision—either alone or with a panel.

Lay members: what are tribunal panel members?
In cases like unfair dismissal or discrimination, the tribunal may be a tribunal panel, including two lay members. One has an employer background; the other represents employee experience. These non-legal members assist in assessing facts based on practical knowledge

Claimant and claimant’s representative
That’s you—the claimant—and anyone you bring, such as a friend, family member, union rep, or volunteer adviser. You’ll give evidence and answer questions. You can choose to sit with them or speak on your behalf.

Respondent and their representative
The respondent is your employer. They might bring a solicitor, HR staff, or someone else. Their representative will ask you questions during the hearing.

Witnesses
Witnesses can be called by you or your employer. They give evidence under oath or affirmation and may be questioned by both sides and the tribunal. Unlike criminal courts, the witnesses do not have to wait outside the tribunal room until they have given evidence: they are entitled to be present throughout the hearing.

Tribunal clerk
The tribunal clerk manages administration and helping the judge conduct the hearing smoothly.

Public, media and press
Tribunals are usually open to the public. Family members, students, and press may observe quietly from the back unless reporting restrictions apply.